How American Indians Have Adapted their Culture Since...

My essay will have an outlook of the history of the first Americans â€Å"Indians† and how they’ve adapted with their religion, subsistence strategy, social organization, and material culture. Over the years things have change in the history of Native Americans, prior to the reconstruction period, Native Americans knew who they were and what they lived for. Before the Europeans came and changed their living they one with nature and the land they’ve came to know. They believe that America was there’s and they lived free. In today’s history of Native Americans culture was founded in many ways, started in the mid 8200s B.C and before Christopher Columbus discovered America. Living in the Americas they were in touch with nature as well as their†¦show more content†¦Expansion was the cornerstone of their whole civilization, because their religion requested that a large number of human sacrifices where to be made. To get the sacrifices the Indian s went to war with other tribes to get these human sacrifices. With each conquest more sacrifices and more land was added to the Natives. The first Americans Also believed in Wakon,da a powerful god to them, whom they believed in, they believed that he created all things, made the land they also believed in life after death and immorality that made earthly life secure and pleasant; they expressed their feelings for nature as in peace and confidence. Different native religions evolved to match their needs and lifestyle Religious traditions of aboriginal people around the world tend to be heavily influenced by their methods of acquiring food, with great hunting skills or by agriculture. Native American spirituality is no exception. Traditional Wakon’da, spirituality is a form of religious belief that each thing, plant and animal has a spirit. The Native American spirituality has an inseparable connection between the spirituality and the culture. One cannot exist without the other. Before Europeans took over the land the Native Americans had their own laws, as they do know, but one of the most important laws was to respect and keep peace with others around them. The folk artShow MoreRelatedThe Native American Indian Population1293 Words   |  6 Pageschosen is the Native American population, also known as American Indian. Aside from the information given by this course, a Children’s Literature class taken at the Newark branch of the Ohio State University also contributed to my decision. During a lecture there was a guest speaker of Native American descent, she grew up on a reservation, and in her work she wrote and illustrated the Native American culture and lifestyle. Her lecture consisted of the perspective of the Native American population duringRead MoreThe Native Tribes Of The Great Plains And The Eastern Woodlands899 Words   |  4 PagesPlains and the Eastern Woodlands have surprisingly different adaptions and responses to their expansions by settlers; not only in their cultures, but in their subsistence, warfare, peacemaking, and gender roles as well. Both tribes were forced to adapt and change due to the overtaking on the European settlers, but both managed to do it in different ways. First, I will look at the tribes of the Great Plains. These nomadic tribes survived on hunting, and the great American Buffalo was their main sourceRead MoreHuman Adaptation Essay1234 Words   |  5 Pagesand increase insulin resistance. However, this once beneficial trait has since caused complications among diabetes prevalent societies. 50% of the Pima Native American populations in southern Arizona have diabetes type II. Also, there is a more than 60% prevalence of diabetes among Nauruan of Nauru Islet (Diamond, 1992; 362). A culture that in the past experience great lengths of famine became wealthy through colonization and their specific diet has been altered and replaced with nutrient deficientRead MoreFilipino Values1493 Words   |  6 Pagesstandards in a culture by which people make an assessment as to its desirability, goodness and beauty. Values may be helpful as Guidelines. Schaefer (2001) defines values a little more as â€Å"collective conceptions of what is considered good, desirable, and proper – or bad, undesirable, and improper – in culture.† Conklin (1984) has this to say about values: â€Å"Values are abstract and shared ideas about what are desirable, good and correct – they represent the ideals of the culture† (as cited by PanopioRead MoreSpread of Islam in India1409 Words   |  6 Pagesestablishment of Islam in early period of India even though India was populated with indigenous religious beliefs. Islam is a monotheistic religion that was spread with bunch of beliefs and faiths after the Prophet Mohammad. In order to that the colonization of Muslims initiated in India was the key place from where Islam was started its expansion version to remaining places of South Asia.Beyondpersuasion and forced conversion, the main factors that influenced in the spread of Islam in India were conquestRead More Afro-descendants in Latin America Essay1581 Words   |  7 PagesThere are currently 150 million Afro-descendants in Latin America who make up nearly 30 percent of the region’s population (Congressio nal Research Service, 2005). Out of the fifteen Latin American nations that have recently adapted some sort of multicultural reform, only three give recognize Afro-Latino communities and give them the same rights as indigenous groups (Hooker, 2005). Indigenous groups are more successful than afro-descendent groups in gaining collective rights and development aid fromRead More The Identity of a Puerto Rican Essay3173 Words   |  13 Pagesand navigated and explored, their aborigines had been thrust into the consciousness of European monarchs, philosophers, and scientists (17). The islands in the Caribbean might have some common historical patterns of conquest, slavery and the development of multi-cultural societies but each island has its own history, culture and identity. As part of the Caribbean, Puerto Rico can identify with some of the other Hispanic colonies but in reality the issues of ethnicity, race and nationality are uniqueRead MoreFilipino Culture4006 Words   |  17 Pa gesLiterature Earnestean Williams COUNS 504 Dr. Thomas, Jimletta Vareene May 14, 2010 Abstract The paper discusses Philippine and Filipino brief history of the life and times of the Filipino people in the Philippines. The values of Filipino culture have changed through emigration and immigration, as well as religiosity and spirituality, and because of coexisting and sometimes conflicting values . Details are given outlining the global Filipino diaspora in the 21st-century and highlightsRead MoreThe Adaptive Nature Of Canada3149 Words   |  13 Pagess First People The Canadian people have always prided themselves as champions of democracy and are universally respected for their record on human rights. Although holistically this could be argued, especially when compared to the United States and other Western states, the record concerning Aboriginals, both past and present, has yet to live up to their self-set standard. Defined simply as anyone who traces his/her ancestry back to pre-European colonization, there exist mass diversity within itsRead MoreGuns Germs and Steel Chapter Summary2530 Words   |  11 Pageswork in New Guinea.   His indigenous New Guinean politician friend Yali asked why whites had been so successful and arrived with so much cargo compared to the locals.   Diamond rephrases this question: why did white Eurasians dominate over other cultures by means of superior guns, population-destroying germs, steel, and food-producing capability?   Diamond’s main thesis is that this occurred not because of racial differe nces in intelligence, etc. but rather because of environmental differences.   He

The Scarlet Marxist Free Essays

There have been many critiques of The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne. Some critiques are far-fetched. Some indict society’s views of religion and the guilt of women in the downfall of the human race. We will write a custom essay sample on The Scarlet Marxist or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, when taking a modern Marxist view of The Scarlet Letter, the scope of the entire novel takes a dramatic spin, not just for the characters Hawthorne utilizes to bring passions to light, but for society and its conventions used towards certain persons. When evaluating the characters of The Scarlet Letter, the characters represent a particular station and social structure within the time. According to Associated Content, Governor Bellingham is one who â€Å". . . free to stand tall as judge of right and wrong, good and bad, but seemingly never commits wrong himself. † (2009). This Marxist evaluation of Governor Bellingham may not make sense unless you apply it within the realm of Marxism as an indictment on the society and how the classes tend to be separated. Governor Bellingham would then represent those who are of affluence or those who are on the upper end of the economic ladder. This separation of the upper class from the other classes then allows Bellingham to make the judgments that he makes ue to his financial status within the community. Had Bellingham not had this type of financial influence, then he would not be allowed to make any kind of judgments on anyone. Bellingham’s position as governor gives him certain rights that ordinary citizens would not have. The position in society gives Bellingham a reason, whether good or bad, to hand down wha t he feels to be justice for all involved. The justice may not be beneficial but for a few. Yet, when looking at the classes, in Marxist theory, if it benefits the upper class, then it is a benefit. The benefit does not carry or trickle down to the lower classes, which leaves those who are not apart of the upper class at a disadvantage. The character Pearl, daughter of Hester Prynne can be considered a very animated and active. She is the product of the physical relationship between Arthur Dimmesdale and Hester Prynne. The child suffered the isolation and condemnation that had been handed to her mother for becoming a part of an adulterous affair. Pearl is a stark representative of what happens to persons born or placed into a lower stature in society. Regardless of how witty, bright or un-loving Pearl was as a child, the society within the Puritan community would never accept her because she was the embodiment of higher society deemed inappropriate for persons to participate in. In looking at Pearl in this way, it is not a stretch to say that she is the form of the content presented by the society at that time. Terry Eagleton states that â€Å"Marxist criticism sees form and content as dialectically related, and yet wants to assert in the end the primacy of content in determining form† (Eagleton 537). In other words, Pearl’s form is created by the content of her character, to take a phrase rom Dr. MLK, Jr. The circumstances in which she was conceived puts in her the essence of being one who is deeply enthralled with passion. Also, Pearl is one who is stubborn to a fault, just as her mother who refused to give up the name of her lover. Knowing these things about Pearl would allow one to cast judgment on her and never allow her to ascend to a higher station or class in life. It is this creation of her within the confines of the Dimmesdale and Prynne relationship that would keep her limited to a specific class and socio-economic status in life, had she decided o live within the small Boston neighborhood in which she grew up. Roger Chillingworth’s character illustrates a di fferent kind of class and form altogether. Chillingworth returns to town to find that his wife, Hester Prynne has not only been accused of adultery, but has a child as proof. Prynne never reveals her lover, pushing Chillingworth to a level of sinister evil that had not been presented within the novel. He never revealed his true identity to anyone but Hester Prynne. He acted as caregiver and doctor for Dimmesdale. It was also at this time that Chillingworth befriended Dimmesdale o find what was eating at his very soul. This type of deception is contemptible to say the least. However, from the Marxist point of view, the true character or form of Chillingworth is a valid indication of the content of his soul. Being a doctor represented being a person of an esteemed stature in society. It also gave him as a member of high society privileges that others in lower classes would never have. He took those privileges and misused them for his own selfish gain (which was to find Prynne’s lover). Chillingworth is the classic example of how the privileged iphon from others to achieve the goal ahead. Eagleton would define Chillingworth’s character as the following: â€Å". . . is not the first place a set of doctrines; it signifies the way men live out their roles in class-society, the values, ideas and images which tie them to their social functions and so prevent them from a true knowledge of society as a whole. † (Eagleton 534) In other words, it is Chillingworth’s class in society that does not allow him to show mercy to Prynne. His class also allows him to be cunning and crafty to find the real illness that afflicts Dimmesdale, use the guilt from the sin to rive Dimmesdale into a chasm of self hatred and loathing, while he simultaneously decays into the demonic fleshly figure that imposes hatred and merciless upon all who dare cross him. Yet, this ghastly figure was indeed Chillingworth’s true form and content. It is his functioning within the u pper class of society that not only gave Chillingworth his form, but also allowed him to participate in the actions leading to Dimmesdale’s without repentance. For Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale, society’s position came with a price. He ended up denying his own flesh and blood in the body of Pearl, and he et the woman he loved (Hester Prynne) carry the weight of the sin they both committed. After the town branded Prynne and adulteress, Dimmesdale could not bring himself to admit to the public that it was he who shared the night of passion with Prynne which led to the conception of Pearl. His station or class in society would not allow for such a confession. Associated Content refers to Dimmesdale â€Å"As the ultimately religiously pious figure of the town and he is held in high regard. . . † (2). It is the status of being the reverend for the town along with his education â€Å" a young clergyman, who had come from one of the reat English universities, bringing all the learning of the age into our wild-forest land† (Hawthorne 62) that keeps Dimmesdale from initially admitting what had taken place between himself and Prynne. In comparison to Eagleton, Dimmesdale is the representation of the society and the superstructure that is in place (532). Regardless of how he may want to become a permanent part of Prynne’s life, the superstructure in place would never allow it to be so. It is this superstructure of society that Hester Prynne rebels against and causes her to live a life of isolation with her daughter , save her lients who come to her. Hester Prynne has been called an adulteress by many. Even within the religious community, Prynne is thought of at the least, wrong for her actions, including not revealing the father of her child. It is the content of her life that takes form in this novel. Prynne, strong-willed and determined, did not give in to the demands of the community which asked of her to give Pearl’s father’s name. Prynne refused to do so and in her refusal, lost her status within the community, never to have it returned to her. Relating her character to Marxist literary theory is relatively asy. Prynne is one of the few who would gladly give up his or her station or class in society to the protection of one if not al l. Prynne would not be accepted within the upper class of Boston at this time for she did not conform to the way t he higher classes, both religious and social, decided that life should be conducted. Dr. G. B. Loring declared that â€Å"It would be hard to conceive of a greater outrage upon the freezing and self-denying doctrines of that day, than the sine for which Hester Prynne was damned by and for which Arthur Dimmesdale damned himself† (1). Prynne’s refusal to become part of the culture that denied itself for form and fashion is what pushed her to the outskirts of society. However, even with the refusal to bend in tow, Prynne went on to live a productive life and see her daughter become a elegant young lady. Evaluating The Scarlet Letter from the Marxist point of view is interesting to say the least. Yet, the Marxist point of view gives the reader a broader look at the characters and society as a whole. Through Marxism, it is not just the sin that is looked at, but the condition of the heart, the station and class of man, along with his content and form that makes up society then and now. How to cite The Scarlet Marxist, Papers

International Journal Logistics Management †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The International Journal Logistics Management? Answer: Introduction This report presents the description of the beef product which is provided by JBS Company in Australia. It also defines the supply chain of Beef Brand of the company. Further, it evaluates the supply chain by using SWOT analysis. In the last, it recommended the strategy to improve the supply chain of the company. JBS Australia is leading beef and lamb processor in the nation. It is a largest multi-species producer, exporter, and marketing in Australia. It delivers a wide range of brand to different retail, wholesale, and foodservice industry. These beef products are Riverina Angus, King Island Beef, Thousand Guineas, Acres Organic, Beef City Black, Aberdeen Black, Great Southern, Royal, and Grassfed Beef. It has daily processing ability of approximately 8,000 cattle and 21,000 small stocks (JBS, 2017). Description of the supply chain mapping the existing supply chain Diagram 1: Supply chain of Beef production (Sources: PWC, 2011). Cow-Calf Operators Beef supply of JBS Australia is started with the cow-calf operators. These operators are mainly farmers who keep different kinds of cows to produce calves to trade. Moreover, the gestation period of mother cow is less than 9 months. To increase the weight of 400-500 lbs, a newborn calf takes approximately 12 months. Before selling it to feeders, company waits for increasing the weight of newborn calf because, they can get a high amount of money by selling the calves in feeder cattle industry in Australia (Garca-Flores, et. al., 2014). Feed Lots / Backgrounders JBS Company purchases the 400-500 lb weight of calves. After that, these calves harvest weight approximately 1,200 1,400 lbs by feeding. In this way, feedlot operator uses grain to feed. Furthermore, backgrounders keep the animals on grass for feeding. These feeders earn high amount by selling the animals such as fed cattle by packing plant for harvest. In addition to this, the future rate for both feeder cattle and fed cattle is sold as a commodity in the Australian stock exchange (Higgins, et. al., 2015). Packing Plants JBS Company buys fed cattle at harvest weight like 18-24 month to harvest them for production of beef. The largest packing plants in the nation are operated by JBS, national beef, Tyson, and Cargill. These companies deal in the different nation for selling the beef products. After selling the beef, it has harvested by further processor and distributors because they transport their finished goods in the market to the end users like retail stores and foodservice operators (Jie, and Parton, 2016). Stakeholders of JBS Australia Service providers The service provider is one of the key stakeholders of the JBS Company because it facilitates the technical support and advice. They also assist in buying the stocks and offer marketing advice and also provide the support to build the strategic direction for agribusinesses (Juan Ding, et. al., 2014). Cattle Producer Cattle producer is another key stakeholder because it provides the cattle to sell it into the market. These stakeholders can be families and another supplier who struggle to increase size and scale of production. Feedlots The occurrence of feedlots in Australia is effective for JBS Company because it provides future growth by increasing demand for grain fed beef. Hence, it is identified that JBS Company is mainly focused on the Feedlots rather than the cattle producers (Maia de Souza, et. al., 2017). Processors The processor is last essential stakeholders of JBS Company who makes rationalize decision regarding the market. Moreover, beef processing has largely occurred in Queensland that processes approximately 45% of Australias red meat because Queensland is nearest to cattle supply (Uddin, et. al., 2017). Recommendations From the above analysis, it can be recommended that JBS Company should make an alteration in production driven supply chain and market-driven supply chain to get success. It should also build a closer relationship between upstream and downstream partner to attain greater commitment and communication. Moreover, it should build a transparent and interdependent relationship as well as integrate the business activities and improves the flow of communication and knowledge to make effective supply chain. It should also make effective compliance with the carcass specifications in their supply chain hence company can get success in Australian meat industry (Jie, and Parton, 2016). In addition to this, JBS Company should adopt the lean supply chain in which it should make a high degree of negotiation with supply chain participants. It can also be suggested that producers can enhance the negotiation power and profitability by using a horizontal structure with breeders, feedlots, and backgrounders. JBS Company should also build the strategic association with processors because it will help to make effective supply consistency. It should also make an agreement with the carcass specifications. These agreements should make between domestic and export markets for effective supply chain (Maia de Souza, et. al., 2017). Along with this, JBS Company can deliver the added value to their beef by differentiating their products from the supermarket and can also produce beef for niche markets. Further, the coordination strategies can be built by using different kinds of the supply chain in Australian meat industry. In this way, it can be suggested that mainstream supply chain can lead by the supermarket retailers. It can also direct the marketer supply chain to supply directly to the consumers and niche markets. It can intermediate the supply chain for local products to reach the consumers by one or more intermediaries like independent butchers, supermarket retailers, and food cooperatives (Uddin, et. al., 2017). Conclusion It can be concluded that there JBS Australia delivers different beef products in all over the Australia. Further, it can be evaluated that it uses effective supply chain for producing the beef products. It can be summarized that it has different stakeholders such as cattle producers, feedlots, and producers, service providers. It can be also concluded that company minimize their threats and weakness by using their strength and opportunity in the Australian meat industry. Moreover, there are different strategies to improve the supply chain of the company References Garca-Flores, R., Higgins, A., Prestwidge, D., and McFallan, S. (2014) Optimal location of spelling yards for the northern Australian beef supply chain management.Computers and electronics in agriculture,102, pp. 134-145. Higgins, A., McFallan, S., Laredo, L., Prestwidge, D., and Stone, P. (2015) TRANSITA model for simulating infrastructure and policy interventions in agriculture logistics: Application to the northern Australia beef industry.Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,114, pp. 32-42. JBS (2017) Our Products. [Online]. Available at: https://www.jbssa.com.au/OurProducts/default.aspx (Accessed: 19 September 2017). Jie, F., and Parton, K. (2016) Supply chain performance flexibility in the Australian beef industry.International Journal of Logistics: Research and Applications,19(4), pp. 300-317. Juan Ding, M., Jie, F., A. Parton, K., and J. Matanda, M. (2014) Relationships between quality of information sharing and supply chain food quality in the Australian beef processing industry.The International Journal of Logistics Management,25(1), pp. 85-108. Maia de Souza, D., Petre, R., Jackson, F., Hadarits, M., Pogue, S., Carlyle, C. N., and McAllister, T. (2017) A Review of Sustainability Enhancements in the Beef Value Chain: State-of-the-Art and Recommendations for Future Improvements.Animals,7(3), p. 26. PWC (2011) The Australian Beef Industry. [Online]. Available at: https://www.pwc.com.au/industry/agribusiness/assets/australian-beef-industry-nov11.pdf (Accessed: 19 September 2017). Uddin, M. N., Quaddus, M., and Islam, N. (2017) Inter-organizational Supply Chain Performance: How the Relationship Factors Influence the Australian Beef Industry?. InThe Customer is NOT Always Right? Marketing Orientations in a Dynamic Business World(pp. 458-464). Germany: Springer, Cham.

Lin Onuss Cultural Identity Seen in Fruit Bats Essay Example

Lin Onuss Cultural Identity Seen in Fruit Bats Paper He became a professional artist In the year of 1974, throughout his artistic life he became a exceedingly creative artist and arts administrator. From the very beginning of his days he was portrayed as an Ideal Australian, his cultural identity was clear. As he was born to an aboriginal father and a white mother, he was a living example of the conception that two people, even from different cultures, different upbringings and beliefs could come together as one. Two examples of artworks that demonstrate his cultural Identity are: Fruit Bats (1991 ) and Fruit Bats 1 991 Is a work that shows a combination of the two cultures that make Line Onus. This work visually shows the two societies slowly combining. The mall aspect of the artwork that shows the western cultures identity would be the hills hoist clothesline which is what the bats are hanging from. The Aboriginal aspects of this org that suggest the combining of the two different cultures are those such as the aboriginal symbol for bat droppings (Earner) which is in fact is made from the droppings from the bats hanging in this work. Another aboriginal characteristic of this work is that all ninety-nine fiberglass fruit bats have been painted with a type of Aboriginal pattering called rack. Not only do the traditional techniques used for the fruit bat droppings and patterns on each bat contrast with the current materials of today, they also contrast with the modern inspiration of these installations. The main characters in the work are the fruit bats these are presented as the link between the two cultures within one land. The droppings from these fruit bats could be interpreted to say the aboriginal culture is marking their territory. The fruit bats can therefore be seen to symbolism the will to repossess the land that rightfully belongs to the aboriginal people. We will write a custom essay sample on Lin Onuss Cultural Identity Seen in Fruit Bats specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Lin Onuss Cultural Identity Seen in Fruit Bats specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Lin Onuss Cultural Identity Seen in Fruit Bats specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Slow Growth of Golfers in the Golf Equipment Industry

Slow Growth of Golfers in the Golf Equipment Industry The introduction of new rules that limit innovation in the Golf Equipment Industry (GEI) is a major reason for the slow growth in the number of golfers in the recent years. In addition, the global financial crisis that began in December 2007 to 2009 had a devastating effect on the number of golfers in the GEI.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Slow Growth of Golfers in the Golf Equipment Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Competitive rivalry force was the most affected among the Porter’s five forces (Gamble 11). This force determines the value that is created in an industry through head-to-head competition among firms. Competition within the GEI was centered on technological innovation, which was permitted initially by the United State Golf Association (USGA) and RA (Gamble 11). Product innovation, performance, image, tour exposure, and price were among the other competitive strategies that companies used and by 2009, every company had met the required equipment dimensions, CT, and MOI (Gamble 8). The companies had started to differentiate their products as an innovative survival strategy in the industry. The golf equipment manufacturers had relied on innovation to enhance their competitive positions in the market (Gamble 7). For instance, between 1990 and 2000, the golf equipment manufacturers came up with innovations to make the golf easier to play. These innovations reduced the effects of the adverse off-center hits. At the same time, the innovations improved the shot accuracy by grooving the wedges of the stick. This reduced the variance in the distance of a well struck ball and a poorly struck ball. However, the USGA took an important step to safeguard the pre-historic golf courses and equipment standards. This involved setting of new quality standards for the golf equipment. This reduced the innovation rivalry in the industry, leaving the companies to use equipment prices as t he only competitive approach. This discouraged people from playing golf (Gamble 9). According to the case study, the decline in the number of golfers is attributed to these changes. Golfers were increasingly frustrated by the difficulties they encountered while playing golf. This resulted in many golfers denouncing the sport. In addition, new individuals were reluctant to take up the sport.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another factor that led to the decline in the number of golfers was the economic recession that occurred between December 2007 and 2009 (Gamble 10). According to the case study, the recession was caused by the financial problems in the credit and housing industries as well as a rapid increase in gasoline price. For instance, gasoline price increased from $2.25 in early 2007 to $4 by June 2008. The high gasoline prices coupled with an increase in c redit expenses and a destabilized mortgage industry led to discretionary spending cuts. In addition, increased unemployment contributed to this problem. For instance, more than 6.5 million Americans lost their jobs. These events led to the decline in the number of golf equipment sold in the market. In conclusion, it is important to restate the reasons for the decline in the number of golfers in the industry. The introduction of new rules and standards in the industry reduced innovation-based competition (Gamble 11). Moreover, the economic recession that was witnessed between 2007 and 2009 is blamed for the decline in the number of golfers (Gamble 10). I recommend that the reintroduction of equipment innovation by the USGA should be done so as to foster competition in the industry. This would increase the number of golfers in the sport in the long-run. Gamble, E. John. Competition in the Golf Equipment Industry. London, UK: McGraw Hill, 2009. Print.

Arterial Blood Gas

Symptoms of Arterial Blood Gas: ABG is ordered as a means to evaluate or control the patient's respiration and metabolic acid / base balance. This test evaluates the pH of the patient's blood and is used as an indicator of specific causes of acidosis or alkalosis. ABG is also used to measure the adequacy of acid / base balance treatment. ABG can also be used to measure oxygenation saturation. Types of tests and testing procedure: ABG is usually obtained by taking arterial blood. If OHS is suspected, various tests are necessary for confirmation. The most important initial test is to prove the increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood. This requires arterial blood gas measurements, including the collection of blood samples from the arteries, usually the radial arteries. Given that this test can be complicated for each patient with sleep-related breathing problems, measuring the level of bicarbonate in normal (vein) blood is a reasonable I believe it will be a screening test . When rising (more than 27 mmol / l), it is necessary to measure blood gas The arterial blood gas (ABG) test measures acidity (pH) and oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in arterial blood. This test is used to ascertain the extent to which lungs pump oxygen into the bloodstream and remove carbon dioxide from the blood. When blood passes through the lungs, oxygen enters the bloodstream and carbon dioxide flows from the blood into the lungs. The ABG test uses blood taken from arteries that can measure oxygen and carbon dioxide levels before entering body tissues. Dr. Ori can do this test or trained person (Timby, 2009). Mr. J's blood test was sent to microbiology for testing, so it was useful for diagnosis and pointed out the extent of her influence on her illness. ABG provides interdisciplinary team information on oxygenation of the patient, adequacy of ventilation, acid-base level. Skinner (2005) and Adam (2009) agree that arterial blood gas analysis is an important part of patient's ventilation therapy and its acid-base balance diagnosis and management. Skinner continues to say that the usefulness of this intervention depends on the ability of medical professionals to analyze and interpret all aspects of gas. Nettina (2005) describes a test procedure called Allen, a test for evaluating a puncture site before puncture. This evaluates the circulation in the hand and whether it is appropriate to use the radial artery for puncture. The place is cleaned with alcohol, the allergic condition reduces discomfort and allows the use of anesthetic to increase the chances of success

The Character Sketch of the Movie the Black Balloon Assignment

The Character Sketch of the Movie the Black Balloon - Assignment Example One path is his regular teenage life, where he has a crush on a girl. The other path is full of responsibilities; he has to take care of his autistic brother who is a big baby. He faces the ultimate sibling conflict. The family moves to a new place, and the time is the 1990s. Thomas is shown to be anxious about making new friends and all he wants is to fit in. The plot is so refined that it shows the power that went behind the writing. The parents have a hard decision to make where they want to give equal attention and love to each of their children. The mother is inclined to take more care of the one who lacks understanding, social skills and cognitive ability than the other normal people. Sometimes the normal children are supposed to take on more responsibilities and acquire leadership and caring skills. If it were a normal family Thomas would have lesser responsibilities. But his parents cannot always be around Charlie, especially when he goes to school, and during playtime, those activities are accompanied by people of the same age. Â  Thomas is a 15-year-old normal teenager. His family moves to a new home. He is going through a phase feeling like he needs to fit in with his new friends at the school. He struggles with fitting in because his family is unusual; he has an autistic brother who gets the attention of the parents all the time. This makes Thomas feel neglected. However, Thomas loves his brother Charlie and takes very good care of him. Charlie enjoys playing video games, wearing a monkey costume and receiving stars for good behavior. Maggie, their mother, is heavily pregnant, and her doctors have advised her to take rest. Eventually, Thomas has to be in charge of Charlie. This is not an easy task as he has to chase Charlie down when he shoots out of the house.

Stages of Unbelief. What is Skepticism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Stages of Unbelief. What is Skepticism - Essay Example What is Skepticism? Skepticism, in philosophical terms, is the point of view, which tackles the philosophical thesis with rational thought and doubtful criticism. According to Gary Gutting in Religious Belief and Religious Skepticism (87), this action leads to thinking and thought, which is based on logic and aimed towards dispute and criticism. Under a narrow view, religious skepticism is considered as that point of view which puts every organized belief or practice, commonly understood as religion, into doubt. This is done through a rational argument on the righteousness, value and ethics of that particular organized religion. Moreover, different philosophers, for example, like Kant, have talked highly about skepticism in their works. Kant has drawn much of his analysis from the works of David Hume, who is regarded as the most formidable skeptic in the history of Western philosophy. Much of Hume’s work on skepticism is drawn from the idea that he endorsed empirical science a nd considered founding the â€Å"science of man† as a heavy project (Thompson n.p.). One, therefore, should understand that when considering skepticism, science would come into debate at a number of times. Since metaphysics is broadly considered to be associated with supernatural, much of Kant’s skepticism draws on the work of metaphysical aspect of philosophy. According to Kant, there are three types of skepticism. These broadly include â€Å"veil of perception†, which seeks legitimacy by drawing inference of the external-mind world to one’s own mental representations. Hence, this concerns metaphysics. Humean skepticism elucidates upon the concepts that are not understood by sensible impressions and knowledge of certain ideas which are not proved by logical law nor known from experience. Therefore, again this concerns much of metaphysics, because the concepts that are not understood from the mind are discussed. Pyrrhonian skepticism establishes a balance between opposing arguments, hence having understanding of both the ideas of knowledge, for example, from the ones who believe in religion, and the ones who do not believe in religion (Forster 1). However, Kant and his approach were against skepticism and his Copernican Revolution tried to fight against skepticism. Kant propagated that religion was largely practice, not theory, and not based on facts, and was something private and subjective. Religion equaled ethics, put simply (Catholic Education n.p.). Christopher Scheitle in â€Å"Religious and Spiritual Change† (59) propagates that skepticism as a whole can be understood in the light of the insight into the way religious people believe blindly in different existing religions in the world. As argued, religious people never criticize their beliefs, because they have this idea that it is a great sin, a contradiction to their religion and that predominantly, it is a sacrilege (Gutting, pp. 93). This promotes the spread of rel igious dogma which leaves no room to doubt over a certain aspect or argue over a certain thing. Hence, followers of religion attempt to blindly follow religion and adopt the ideas of a particular religion as a supreme truth of which no violation can be done. However, they disregard the verity that their beliefs can be paradoxical, confusing, disastrous, unnatural and even antiscientific. This usually occurs because these people communicate with their supernatural being in the most irrational ways which makes their religious beliefs and, hence, religion highly questionable, even to themselves and the society (Zagzebski 212). This religious dogma also gives rise to the fervor of sacrificing their lives for the

Movie Review of Maria Full of Grace and De Nadie Essay Example for Free

Movie Review of Maria Full of Grace and De Nadie Essay Maria Full of Grace is a film by Joshua Marston revealing drug trafficking world. The desperation of people sue to poverty is depicted well in this movie Columbian drug lords use mules to transport cocaine to the U. S. Mules are actually humans used to carry drugs to be transported to other countries without being detected. The mechanism is through the ingestion of capsules containing the product and stores it in the mule’s stomach, after which it will be expelled. Many people are attracted to this type of job because the drug lords will try to convince you that the job is easy plus it involves a large amount of money in exchange of your service to them. However, if any of the drug products was lost during the transport, you will have to deal with the brutal consequences and it means exchange of your life or your family’s life as the mules are no more important as any other plastic containers (Berardinelli, 2004, p. n. pag. ). Maria, performed by Catalina Sandino Moreno is a 17-year old young girl who hates her job as a de-thorner in a factory. Her family that includes her mother, grandmother, and unmarried sister however relies on Maria’s salary to survive. Maria then quits her lifeless job and finds out that she is pregnant but her boyfriend refuses to marry her. After this devastating event of her life, she accepted the offer a man gave her to be a mule of the Columbian-New York run. Together with two young girls Blanca (Yenny Paola Vega), and Lucy (Guilied Lopez), Maria thought the job was easy and was blinded by the money she will earn in this type of job. In addition, Lucy grabs the opportunity to go to New York to reunite with her sister. The three girls were not forced to be in this kind of business; they chose their own path because of their greed and need for money. They thought of United States as their only way out of poverty especially Maria as she prepares herself for her unborn unwanted child (Berardinelli, 2004, p. n. pag. ). The dramatization built by Marston in the film is flawless as he developed each character. The story is very moving as it is very realistic because of the increasing poverty in third-world countries. Moreno gives a memorable performance as she flawlessly portrayed Maria as a hopeless, desperate and selfish girl who greed for money (Berardinelli, 2004, p. n. pag. ). De Nadie Another documentary film showing the desperation of people driven by poverty is De Nadie. This film directed by Tim Dirdamal brings us to the world of migrants from South America looking for a way to enter North America. They believe that migration to the United States is the only way to get rid of poverty. However, their search for a route is often illegal and migrates from the Central America who initially has to cross Mexico before going to United States are given less attention (Coupeau, 2006, p. n. pag. ). The process of migration is by a fast moving cargo train crossing the Mexican territory. However, many aspiring migrants die or amputated as they fall and pushed off the fast moving train. This unimaginable risk is taken by those people as a solution to their miserable poor life. Se Maria, a Honduran migrant whose life was changed after seeking help in the hands of a group of Mexican nuns who conducted a fund raising activity using raffle draws. Madres de la Patrona gave food to the immigrants taking risks to enter United States (Coupeau, 2006, p. n. pag. ). . Compare and Contrast Both films are political as they expose the desperation of many people in order to escape poverty. The directors are not biased in their portrayal of poverty and the hopelessness and greed of people for money. Also, the aspiration of many people from all countries to go to United States is because of their belief that when you go to U. S, poverty will go away. What they don’t know is due to global crisis, many people in the U. S are now unemployed and also experiencing financial problems. Both Maria Full of Grace and De Navie showed that people’s principles are easily swayed when money is involved. The natural greed of humans to money made the characters Maria, Blanca and Lucy of Maria Full of Grace and Maria of De Navierisk their lives. They took what they though the one chance that will get them out of their miserable lives. Also, both are very realistic films since it cannot be denied that drug trafficking and illegal immigrations are two of the most known illegitimate money-making businesses. Both films showed that no one is to be blamed other than yourself because it was shown in both movies that no one forced the characters to enter drug trafficking and illegal immigration. Although they are both victims of poverty, they are not innocent victims of drug trafficking and illegal immigration. I find Maria Full of Grace more moving than De Navie since more lives are ruined in drug trafficking than in illegal immigration. Drug trafficking is a more serious problem in that the mules that act as carriers of drugs doesn’t realize that they are tolerating the business that ruins many lives and families. Bibliography Berardinelli, J. (2004). Maria Full of Grace. Retrieved May 2, 2010, from http://www. reelviews. net/movies/m/maria_full. html Coupeau, D. S. (2006, August 2006). Alterinfos America Latina. Retrieved May 2, 2010, from http://www. alterinfos. org/spip. php? article465

Ladies Fashion Clothing Boutique Essay example -- Research Analysis, L

Throughout this essay, a thorough analysis will be made in relation to specific research on cultures of work in a particular work place. The workplace that will be focused on throughout this essay is a ladies fashion boutique. The main argument will focus on discourses of management throughout the concepts of what is considered as work in the retail sector, how the working environment is managed throughout the fashion industry, commitment in the workplace and relationship of teamwork. All these aspects of work will be tied in together to form a research based argument in relation to the fashion boutique. In order to produce a contextual framework of the notion of work, research will be based on primary research from an interview with the manager of the ladies fashion boutique and observations of the boutique. Throughout the use of the interviewing being incorporated into this essay, theoretical concepts and scholarly articles will be used to back up the focus on discourses of managem ent within the perspective of what is considered as work in the work place. Due to ethical reasons, I will be making reference to the manager of the boutique by the name of Anna. In reference to the notion of work within the ladies fashion boutique, before focusing on that, firstly a brief overview about the company, the workplace and what it provides to customers and the fashion industry. The ladies fashion company offers a diverse range of fashion clothing and accessories for contemporary Australian woman. The wide clothing range caters for women that are 25 years of age and up as well as offering sizes ranged from 8 to 16 to suit their individual needs. The retail sector has become a significant focus throughout the fashion industry and the way... ...ries to consumers. In conclusion, throughout this essay, it has become evident that there are various discourses of management within the workplace environment. Specifically, in relation the Ladies Fashion Clothing Boutique being the main case study throughout the above discussion in overall relation to the topic of cultures of work within the workplace environment. Thorough contextual research has been analysed and discussed in relation to what is considered as work, commitment in the workplace and the notion of teamwork within the workplace, all in accordance to the above relevant case study. Evidently, inclusion of primary research methods from interview questions and observations of the workplace have thoroughly been put into context with theoretical concepts within cultures of work as well as consistent support from scholarly articles and books.

Eating at home is better Essay

In 1900, only 2 percent of meals were eaten outside the home. In 2010, 50 percent were eaten away from home. Most family meals happen about three times a week. Nowadays, living in the 21st century, people are busy. Most people are busy with work, school, sports, and other extra-curricular activities. And along with being so busy,thus, a nearby restaurant usually becomes our dining-place. It cannot be denied that eating out is a more convenient choice. However, eating out everyday can be very expensive. Moreover, the restaurant food is unhealthy, because most of the food are fatty and salty. In addition, the most important thing is, as I have experienced, dining out is not as enjoyable as having a nice home-cooked meal. Therefore, compared with eating in a restaurant, eating at home will be a better choice. First of all, one of the most important fact is that homemade meal is less expensive, which means eating at home is a very good method to save money. Sandy Dawes, a new lawyer, and his husband, Chris, a Ph. D. candidate, used to dine out four times a week. Now they usually eating out once a week, at most, because their budget have been squeezed by the rising prices, student loan bills and car payments,etc. Meat, vegetables and other ingredients from supermarkets or grocery stores are very affordable, and the total cost of a homemade meal is much less than the cost of a meal at a restaurant. For instance, dine at a moderately expensive restaurant, people usually end up spending about $20 to $30 for a meal. In addition, this price is not included the tax and tips. The price people paid to the restaurant is not only for the food, but also for the services provided. However, with the same amount of money, three or four ordinary meals can be prepared at home actually. According to a survey which made by Mintel International, a market research firm, since the economy soured and the prices of food raised, Americans began to spend more time in their kitchen, to cook the lunch and dinner for themselves. From this, it proved that eating at home is a way to save money. Another reason of eating at home is that homemade food is healthier, and it may even enhance our life. Although restaurants are offering more nutritious food options these days, the choices are often limited. Most foods that are served in restaurants contain high amounts of fat and calories, and even some harmful seasoning, such as MSG, which can be detrimental to our health. However, if we prepare our own food by ourselves, we can choose those low-fat and low-calorie and our favorite ingredients to prepare our meals. There will be no any limitation when we are choosing what we want to eat. Another disadvantage of dining out is that we cannot know exactly what we are eating. While we can see the meats and vegetables that are used to prepare our meal, we may not know what ingredients go into the sauces and seasoning. Also, chefs can make mistakes, and they may accidentally add some things that they should not into our food. This is especially important for those who are allergic to certain foods. Therefore,if we prepare our own food at home, we know exactly what we are eating. Besides, the reason of why we should eating at home is not only because of the healthier food, but the length of our life. According to a research which was published in Public Health Nutrition, a Cambridge University journal by a research team, made up of Taiwanese and Australian researchers, eating a home-cooked meal up to five times a week could enhance our life. In addition, according to the research, not only eating at home can live longer, the one who cooked at home about five times a week were 47 percent more likely to still be alive after 10 years. Last but not least, eating at home provides a very good chance to a family to sit together and have a nice conversation. Family member can share their daily life on the dinner table, parents can know more about the life of their children, such as how’s their school life, or whether they have any difficulties on anything or not, eating at home offers an excellent opportunity for family bonding. Moreover, Family dinner can made children become healthier. There was a survey found that those children who ate dinner with their families most frequently ate more fruits and vegetables and less soda and fried foods. When younger kids frequently eat dinner with their families, they are less likely to be overweight than other children. Besides, according to the report of The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University (CASA), it shows that children who have regular meals with their parents do better in every way, from better grades, to healthier relationships, to staying out of trouble, and they are less likely to smoke cigarettes and marijuana or drink alcohol. There is no any disadvantage to stay at home, make the home-cooked food at our sweet home with our lovely family members. We can save more money, enjoy healthier and more nutritive food, have a better life style, build a stronger bonds with our family members, our children will be healthier and more clever. Everything will be good if we eating at home, so, eating at home is definitely a better choice when there are two choice in front of us.

Mao Zedong`s Dictatorship

By all standards, Mao Zedong belongs in the company of the few great political men of our century. Born and raised in the obscurity and restrictions of nineteenth-century rural China, he rose to assume the leadership of the Chinese Revolution, rule the largest population in the world with the most pervasive and intense government known in history, and finally has clung to life long enough to become the last of the political heroes of the great generation of World War II. His life spans the emergence of modern China and his character has shaped the manner and style of the Chinese Revolution.His name has become the label for revolutionary extremists throughout the world, â€Å"the Maoists,† yet it is Mao Zedong with whom leaders throughout the world seek audiences. The Pope in one day admits to his presence more people than Mao Zedong grants audiences in a year. When Mao last appeared publicly, more than a million people expressed tumultuous joy, and since then the occasions for allowing a select few into his presence have been newsworthy throughout the world.The announcement that the American Secretary of State has had a couple of hours of discussion with the Chairman is a signal to all that the Secretary has been favored, indeed, honored; and, of course, when a trip to China does not include a visit with the Chairman, the universal interpretation is that favor is being withheld.The extraordinary appeal of Mao Zedong is hard to identify. Some may suggest that it lies less in the man and more in the nature of Chinese society, for the Chinese do seem compelled to make all of their leaders into imperial figures. Yet, the fact remains that many non-Chinese, who have no affinity for his rural origins but represent a host of varied social and personal backgrounds, seem to find inspiration for their political lives in his words and his example. Restless youth scattered throughout the world who have more formal education than he had feel that in his revolutionary ardor and purity he speaks for them.What is the character of the man that lies behind all this greatness? Merely to raise the question is an act of sacrilege for many. For the Chinese and other worshippers of Mao and his thoughts, it is enough to dwell on his public virtues, read only hagiographies, and reject all else as being in bad taste. For his detractors, the whole spectacle is revolting, and Mao the man must be the devil behind the Chinese version of socialist totalitarianism. Yet between these extremes there are those who are honestly curious.The public record reveals a man at home in rural China, a man of the peasantry, who knows the myths and folklore of traditional China. Yet, although he received a Confucian education, Mao was also part of the first full generation of Chinese to explore Western knowledge. From his rural isolation, he moved effectively into the chaotic, competitive world of Chinese student politics and revolutionary scheming. As soldier, ideologist, and planner, he became the symbolic leader of the Chinese Communist guerrilla struggle. As victorious ruler he was a visionary who looked beyond immediate problems of administration to the goals of a new society and to the molding of a new form of man.The paradox of Mao Zedong is that while his claim to greatness is unassailable, in every specific sphere whether as philosopher, strategist, economic planner, ideologue or even world statesman, his qualities are not the match of his right to greatness. Since Mao's greatness lies so clearly in the realm of emotions, the problem of Mao Zedong is a problem in political psychology. To treat Mao merely as an intellectual or as a calculating strategist is to miss the essential dimensions of his historic role. Furthermore, if we are to understand how Mao came to be so successful in mobilizing the feelings of the Chinese, and of others, we must explore his own emotional world and discover the dynamics of his psychic relations with others.As an ind ividual, Mao is intrinsically fascinating. His acts and his words are startling and unexpected. In his conversations he will bring up the most unlikely subjects: Why are some Africans more dark-skinned than others? Have not all the advances in medical science only increased the number of diseases? The Chinese people have always known Marxism because they have always appreciated contradictions.A dedicated materialist, Mao can suddenly speak as a conventional believer in the hereafter: â€Å"I shall soon be seeing God† (Cheek 124). â€Å"When we see God, or rather Karl Marx, we will have to explain much† (Cheek 115).   At times he has depicted himself as an outstanding hero of Chinese history: â€Å"Yes, we are greater than Ch'in Shih Huang-ti† (Cheek 79). â€Å"We must look to the present to find our heroes† (Cheek 80).Intrinsic fascination aside, Mao's character demands serious analysis because there is much in the history of modern China that cannot be explained except in terms of Mao Zedong's personality. In the fluid circumstances of the Chinese Revolution, time and again events and processes took on decisive form in direct response to the personality of Mao Zedong. In stable societies with solid institutions the scope for the influence of personality considerations is constrained to the narrow limits of how different individuals may perform established roles. In the case of Mao Zedong there was no defined role for him to fill; rather his own personality created his own roles and thereby shaped Chinese history.When the story of modern China is systematically related to the activities of Mao, a key element of Mao's genius is immediately highlighted: his remarkable capacity to perform different, and even quite contradictory, roles at different times. As Mao took on the roles of peasant organizer, military commander, ideological spokesman, political strategist, and ruling statesman, he also vacillated between such contradictory pu blic persona as fiery revolutionary and wise philosopher; dynamic activist and isolated recluse; preacher of the sovereign powers of the human will and patient planner who knows that history cannot be rushed.In a very strange manner Mao Zedong has been able to communicate a sense of the integrity of the human spirit precisely because he has defied logic and spoken for exactly opposite points of view. He has praised books (indeed sanctified the presumed magic of his own â€Å"Little Red Book†) and he has denounced bookish knowledge–â€Å"Reading books only makes myopic children† (Cheek 117). He has equally extolled and denounced violence. He has championed reason and also scorned the paralyzing impulses of reasonableness. His intellectual integrity is as unassailable as folk wisdom, with its appropriate sayings for every option.Mao's revolutionary ideas, like those of his intellectual compatriots elsewhere, drew inspiration from both experience (observing and doi ng) and intellectual exercise. They were a response to the genuine plight of large numbers of poor, illiterate, and exploited people, although they were also the result of profound romanticization and sometimes willful ignorance of who and what the people really were.They reflected a strong inclination to distrust complex patterns of administration and governance — in a word, bureaucracy-because these only served the interests of ruling elites; and they relied upon popular enthusiasm and passion as substitutes for technical expertise and intellectual sophistication, and too frequently as a means for mobilizing (and manipulating) the masses. Moreover, they displayed an inconsistency born of a human inability to divorce oneself completely from one's cultural environment, with its heavy baggage of traditions, habits, and customs. Thus, rebellion against the decrepit and defeatist past of China was accompanied by appeals — sometimes disguised, sometimes not — to the social virtues, modes of discourse, and general spirit of that same past.If from a classical Marxist standpoint Lenin was wrong to represent Russia as an appropriate site for a Marxist revolution, Mao erred in proclaiming the same for China despite his disingenuous contention in 1942 that â€Å"Marxism-Leninism has no beauty, no mystical value; it is simply very useful† (Cheek 127). Much evidence existed, of course, to sustain an argument that China needed fundamental changes in its economic, social, and political order.Chinese had been debating this for many decades. It was also clear that foreign powers had an enormous impact on China's development, fostering it in some ways, but distorting and exploiting it in others. Mao's writings reveal that he understood quite well that his country's vulnerability to external aggression resulted largely from internal weaknesses, and that this relationship lay at the heart of his analysis and his demand for revolution.The doctrine of t he mass line did not develop in isolation but reflected what was arguably the most fundamental of Mao's attitudes: voluntarism. Like Lenin, whose successes must have been instrumental in showing Mao the value of seizing the moment, Mao was a committed voluntarist — a believer in the ability of human will to overcome virtually any obstacle, despite the essential irrelevancy of human motivation to Marx's revolutionary theory.By seeking to foster revolution in places unsuitable theoretically for such a process, both Lenin and Mao had to relinquish Marxist principle and emphatic determinism (the revolution will follow under the right, organically evolved, socioeconomic conditions) in favor of willful action (the revolution will occur under whatever conditions we can take advantage of). For the sake of possibly seeing the revolution transpire in their own lifetimes, they had to impose their own wills on circumstances and equate volition with accomplishment. Marxism's attraction wa s, thus, also its weakness.The theory was supposed to ensure that revolution would occur, but it never promised that it would occur to suit the timetables of revolutionaries. For tremendously egotistical men like Lenin and Mao, Marxist determinism had to be balanced by a voluntarist spirit, men and women had to help make the revolution by whatever means they could be sold on, and time had to be made an ally and not an enemy.The succession to Mao Zedong will in time   worked out, and China has new leaders. Regardless of whatever private feelings they may have about Mao, they acknowledged his greatness in the making of modern China. As all great men in history he will be honored, especially by those who will seek the magic of his greatness to insure the legitimacy of their authority.Thus it is likely that as time goes by the public Mao became increasingly shrouded in myth, and it   became even more difficult to penetrate to the domain of the private man where must lie the secrets of his greatness. Just possibly, however, history may take a slightly different turn, and, as unlikely as it may seem now, there may be revelations of more facts about the life of Mao Zedong making it possible to evaluate better our interpretation of his greatness.Mao Zedong's place in Chinese history is, however, secure, and his successors, whoever they may be, will be of quite different character. Mao's belonged to the era of China's response to the modern world: He wanted China to change, to become strong and powerful in the eyes of all the world; yet he also wanted China to be true to itself. He was a leader out of rural China, educated in a provincial setting, and unacquainted with any foreign language. His distrust of cities refiected in part that be was not at home with the more cosmopolitan generation of Chinese who went further in exploring foreign ways than he was ever ready to do.Works CitedCheek, Timothy. Mao Zedong and China’s Revolutions: A Brief History with Do cuments. Boston: Bedfort, 2002.

Free Essays on Teens And Alcohol

Teens and Alcohol Did you know that in America we have a growing underage drinking epidemic? Will according to a research investigation we do. The research conducted by Columbia’s National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse (CASA), underage drinking has become an epidemic in America and alcohol is the number one drug used by teens. It has shown that teens begin drinking as early as middle school and by high school graduation 80% of teens have tried alcohol. Also according to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, teens who start drinking by the age of 15 are four more times likely to develop alcohol dependency. They have shown that over 3 million teenagers are out right alcoholics and that several million more have a serious drinking problem. Both research groups agree that alcohol causes health problems and it is also a contributing factor in the top three causes of death among teens: accidents, homicide and suicide. In order to stop this epidemic, as a society we need to teach teens what alcohol is and what alcohol does to them. They need to know what harm alcohol does to them physically and mentally. They need to know that, not only does alcohol cause harm to themselves, but when they are drinking they can cause harm to others as well. That alcohol is a dangerous and can lead them into trouble. Alcohol is a drug made when fruits, grains and vegetables are fermented. This is when a process using bacteria and yeast causes the sugars in the original food to change chemically into alcohol. Fermenting is an everyday useful process that enables us to make medicines, cheeses, vitamins and citric acids. These things help us get better when sick and gives us some of the foods we eat. Alcohol is also used in everyday life as an antiseptic, sedative and even as a cleaning product, but when consumed it can be dangerous to our health. Alcohol is an addicting drug that impairs one’s ability signif... Free Essays on Teens And Alcohol Free Essays on Teens And Alcohol Teens and Alcohol Somewhere a mother waits up for her sixteen-year-old daughter who went to a â€Å"birthday† party with her new boyfriend. The girl’s curfew was ten o’clock and it is now twelve-thirty. There comes a knocking on the door, the mother opens it to find a police officer, hat in hand, trying to find the right words to break the news gently to the worried mother. The â€Å"birthday† party was really a beer bash and at ten o’clock when the girl finally made it clear that she had to go home, the young man who had already had far too much to drink, decided to drive her home, and passed out while driving, on the train track. The locomotive was traveling about 80mph carrying the car about two miles down the tracks. The girl never had a chance to get out of the car before the train hit. The girl died on impact and the boy was pronounced DOA at the local hospital. There is a worried mother pacing the floor†¦. How many mothers have to have their families shattered by the unexpected death of their children? It is hard enough for teenagers today to grow-up. The pressures of being young are, in some cases, overwhelming. However these pressures are doubled when these young people go out and get drunk every night. Teens who consume alcohol run the risk of not growing up mentally, damaging their internal organs, and they even risk their very life. Teenagers are dying way too young due to the consumption of alcoholic beverages. Young minds must be protected whether they want to be or not the legal age for the purchase and consumption of alcoholic beverages should be raised to twenty-five. Alcohol clouds the mind and numbs the brain. Heavy drinking causes the reflexes to be sluggish. When minors get drunk, their mental processes get messed up. Some teenagers think he/she really needs a drink in order to deal with school and homework. The scribbles they call penmanship would make a newborn baby’s scribbles... Free Essays on Teens And Alcohol Teens and Alcohol Did you know that in America we have a growing underage drinking epidemic? Will according to a research investigation we do. The research conducted by Columbia’s National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse (CASA), underage drinking has become an epidemic in America and alcohol is the number one drug used by teens. It has shown that teens begin drinking as early as middle school and by high school graduation 80% of teens have tried alcohol. Also according to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, teens who start drinking by the age of 15 are four more times likely to develop alcohol dependency. They have shown that over 3 million teenagers are out right alcoholics and that several million more have a serious drinking problem. Both research groups agree that alcohol causes health problems and it is also a contributing factor in the top three causes of death among teens: accidents, homicide and suicide. In order to stop this epidemic, as a society we need to teach teens what alcohol is and what alcohol does to them. They need to know what harm alcohol does to them physically and mentally. They need to know that, not only does alcohol cause harm to themselves, but when they are drinking they can cause harm to others as well. That alcohol is a dangerous and can lead them into trouble. Alcohol is a drug made when fruits, grains and vegetables are fermented. This is when a process using bacteria and yeast causes the sugars in the original food to change chemically into alcohol. Fermenting is an everyday useful process that enables us to make medicines, cheeses, vitamins and citric acids. These things help us get better when sick and gives us some of the foods we eat. Alcohol is also used in everyday life as an antiseptic, sedative and even as a cleaning product, but when consumed it can be dangerous to our health. Alcohol is an addicting drug that impairs one’s ability signif...

EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF ADOPTING A GERMAN SOFTWARE FRANCHISE IN Dissertation

EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF ADOPTING A GERMAN SOFTWARE FRANCHISE IN BULGARIA A case study of ALLSAT - Dissertation Example CHAPTER III - RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research Philosophy Research philosophy is the conviction concerning the approach to collect, analyse and use data for a particular subject of concern (H. J. Rubin and I. S. Rubin, 2012; Abbott, 2010; Blaxter, Hughe and Tight, 2006). There are two major research philosophies namely positivism and interpretivism. Positivism philosophy is regarded as the philosophy of research preferring scientific methods of research. On the other hand interpretivism is considered as anti-positivism and hence they do not believe in scientific research. According to Tobin and Joseph (2006) and Mukherji and Albon, 2009; Ashwin, 2011) the researchers believing in the philosophy of positivism also believes that the reality in which everything exists is stable in nature and it can be articulated from an objective point of view (Guba and Lincoln, 2005; City University of Hong Kong, 2011). A researcher believing in positivism philosophy believes that it is sensible to colle cting statistical information and thus considers quantitative methodology. On the other hand, according to Hinkel (2005) a researcher who believes in interpretivism philosophy or phenomenological philosophy deems that the behaviour of the human being is the outcome of their perception about the circumstances (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2009; Wimmer & Dominick, 2011). Interpretivism encompasses a number of specific and focused movements which facilitates a detailed study since the collection of data moves beyond the predetermined categories that are present in deductive research approach (Cooper, 2012, p. 17). For this method of research a strong insight and potential to reflection is necessary for curving out important patterns of information from â€Å"a body of observations† (Babbie, 2010, p. 51). An interpretivist tries to gain in-depth insights interpretation and perception about the people and how they see the world around us. They believe that instead of collecting statistical information about the subject of concern, it is judicious to collect in-depth views of the participants. As a result of that, researchers who believe in interpretivism philosophy consider qualitative research to address the area of concern. This study is aimed to evaluate the impact of adopting a German software franchise in Bulgaria and thus it requires collection of qualitative data, hence interpretivism philosophy is appropriate for the study. Research Approach Generally two methods are used for conducting the research and establish the reasoning behind why such approach of research has been adopted. These two approaches of research are the inductive approach and the deductive approach. These two research paradigms follow two different approaches towards research and several researchers have discussed these approaches in light of different perspectives (Hussey and Hussey, 1997; Bryman and Bell, 2007; Ghauri and Gronhaug, 2010; Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2009). Ded uctive Research Deductive research refers to an approach to research in which the researcher chooses a theoretical assumption to test it through the process of research and establish its validity. The researcher begins her task by studying the theory. Then she generates a hypothesis

Gestures and Facial Expressions Experiment Essay

Gestures and Facial Expressions Experiment - Essay Example This paper will study the basis of gestures and facial expressions. Since these gestures and facial expressions have so much to do with a person’s individuality, I wanted to know how it could affect me in different ways. The same happened when I stopped making use of these gestures and facial expressions for a week. I realized that my best friend was unable to understand the change in my attitude. Even though he was listening to what I said but he asked for my confirmation on quite a few issues time and time again. He wanted to know if there was something wrong with me or that if a circumstance has altered my perspectives a little bit. I was not anywhere close to telling him the exact reason. The gestures and facial expressions had become strangers for me for an entire week, and I started to see life from a completely different tangent. It brought about a positive as well as a negative impact on my personality. The point of optimism was that I was willing to forego serious aspects which could trigger positive or negative emotions within me. T hus I was aloof of the world around me. The negativities that came about included the fact that my words were not being taken seriously by the people around me because these gestures and facial expressions were not in line with what I was saying. I believe that the impact of gestures and facial expressions is such that it can make or break a conversation and the same must have happened to me a lot of times but it only came about as a revelation to me during the last few days that I remained quiet and stopped making use of the gestures and facial expressions. It was indeed a very different experience for me to start living my life without getting happy or sad. Most important aspect was that I had to show a straight face at all times. I tried my best to be like this for the entire week and my perseverance paid rich dividends as I kept a low profile during this

Compare and cotrast the accounting conceptual framework and the Essay

Compare and cotrast the accounting conceptual framework and the accounting regulatory framework in the Uk - Essay Example The accounting conceptual framework in the UK One of the elements of the accounting conceptual framework, as applicable in the United Kingdom, relates to goal of financial statements that is to offer information on â€Å"financial position, performance and changes in financial position† of an enterprise (Rolfe 2006, p. 123). The subject information must however be significant to the entity’s stakeholders. Three documents, financial statements meet the objectives. Cashbook reports an entity’s financial position, income statement reports financial performance and cash flow statement reports and entity’s change in financial position. Basic assumptions in accounting are another set of factors that form elements of accounting framework. The framework identifies two assumptions: the going concern, an assumption that an entity will exist until unforeseeable future and upon which accounts are prepared, and accruals basis, a requirements that value in transactions are realized as soon as the transactions occur and not money on the transactions are received of remitted. Another element of the accounting framework relates to property of financial information and the framework identifies â€Å"understandability, relevance, reliability, and comparability† (Rolfe 2006, p. 124). These properties require that financial information be simple enough for users to understand, identify with users’ needs, be consistent, and offer a basis for comparison with the entity’s longitudinal information of comparison with other entity’s information (Rolfe 2006, p. 123, 124). The accounting conceptual framework also lists composition of financial statements. The balance sheet discloses an entity’s financial positions and items’ balances that contribute to the position. Assets, capital, and liabilities constitute the balance sheet. The income statement that discloses an entity’s sources of revenues and expenditure is another element of financial statements and shows an organization’s financial performance in a period. Statement of shareholders’ equity that illustrates changes in capital, and disclosures that concerns these statements is other components of financial statements (Rolfe 2006, p. 125, 126). Recognition and measurement are other aspects of the framework and required numerical disclosure of value of items and narratives that describe the numerical values (Weil 2012, p. 22; Spiceland, Sepe and Nelson 2013, p. 19). Treatment of capital and management of capital items are other aspects of the conceptual framework. The United Kingdom adopts financial approach to treatment of capital, an approach that recognize profit or loss on capital based on the difference between value of a capital at the end of an accounting period and the corresponding value at the beginning of an accounting period (Bellandi 2012, p. 271). The conceptual framework serves multiple purposes in accounting . It helps the accounting board in its role of reviewing current financial reporting standards and in formulating the standards for future applications. The accounting fram

Final Paper Outline Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Final Paper Outline - Assignment Example t actively listen to each other, then you cannot prevent future problems that you could avert by listening and identifying each other’s needs (Fedesco, 2015, pg. 103). People often feel frustrated when they feel the other party is not listening to their needs. Secondly, you must develop and maintain self-concept in your relationship. Self-concept defines a person’s perception and understanding of their being as a self. This is essential because it shapes a person’s behavior and ability to handle stress in a relationship, and determines emotional behavior (Ahmad, Ghazali, Hassan, 2011, pg. 24). It enable one know what they want, and what they deserve in a relationship. In the end, it affects the quality of a couple’s relationship because emotions determine the level of attachment and understanding between the two of you. Thirdly, you must understand emotional intelligence and its role in effective interpersonal relationships. Emotions can easily destroy interpersonal relationships between couples. Emotional intelligence involves such factors as devotion, perseverance, and self-control (Hsieh, Wang, Fan, and Huang, 2014, pg. 133). A high level of emotional intelligence allows a person to accept and emphasize with a partner, and avoid emotional outburst that may not define their true character. Fourthly, there is a need for self-disclosure in your relationship. It is necessary for partners to reveal personal information in order to improve their communication process (Sprecher and Hendrick, 2004, pg. 858). It encourages, love, satisfaction and responsiveness in a relationship. Even so, self-disclosure should be at a certain level that does not hinder the normal functioning of the relationship. Finally, you must learn strategies to manage interpersonal conflicts. Conflict is an unavoidable in any marriage, despite the level of understanding that you fashion. Interpersonal conflicts arise when one infringes on the rights and space of another, especially in

Concepts of Space in Art

Concepts of Space in Art In his book Space, Time and Architecture, Sigfried Giedion noted that through developments made during the Renaissance, the conception of space comes to fruition. This conception of space in art was expressed with the discovery of perspective. Through the use of perspective he says every element is related to the unique point of view of the individual. In linear perspective -etymologically clear seeing- objects are depicted upon a plane surface in conformity with the way they are seen, without reference to their absolute shapes and relations. The whole picture or design is calculated to be valid for one station and observation point only. To the fifteenth century the principle of perspective came as a complete revolution, involving an extreme and violent break with the medieval conception of space, and with the flat, floating arrangements, as its artistic expression. Sigfried Giedion, Space, Time and Architecture, Harvard University Press, Cambridge,  1967, first published 1941, pp. 30-31 During the Renaissance, fields of study particularly in the arts were closely intertwined with traditional models. In architecture, buildings were designed with reference to past examples. At around about the early nineteenth century, there came a shift in the conception of space that broke free of the rigidity associated with antiquity. Relativity in our conception of space came about through the development of cubism. Cubism introduced a new dynamic to visual representation. The framed view is coupled with different points of view of the same object, his brings in a factor of time. Joan Ockman professor and the director of the Temple Hoyne Buell Center for the  Study of American Architecture at Columbia University. Here will be cited her essay The  Way Beyond Art published in Autonomy and Ideology, ed.Somol, R.E., the Monacelli Press,  New York, 1997, pp.83-120 matter ceased to be understood as opaque mass. The viewer now envisaged different aspects of space simultaneously, inside and outside, convex and concave at once. Matter was decomposed into simple surfaces and lines (as in Mondrian) or became transparent and interpenetrating (as in Lissitsky). With these developments, space came to be understood as a crossing of movements and energies. The change in the conception of space is said to be the demolition of pictorial space by Cubist techniques and substitution of a relative point of view for an absolute one Along with Ockman, Sigfried also wrote about a new conception of space from the traditional. He claims that classical conception of space is related to the notion of perspective and this notion was the primary element in painting since the Renaissance up until the 20th Century. For Giedion, the new method of visual representation after the formation of cubist techniques coincides with a shift in the conception of space and develops form giving principles of the new space conception After Cubism, space conception changes from the static perception of the Renaissance. Giedion claims that the classic conceptions of space and volumes are limited and one sided. For Giedion, the possibilities of this new space conception is like Cubism with its many perspectives that extract the essence of the subject, give it an infinite potential for relations within it. Giedion claims that the dawn of cubism is an anonymous principle just like the discovery of perspective. That cubism is the expression of a collective and almost unconscious attitude and for him, this expression is also closely related to scientific advancements of that period. As Giedion says. Cubism breaks with Renaissance perspective. It views objects relatively: that is, from several points of view, no one of which has exclusive authority. And in so dissecting objects it sees them simultaneously from all sides from above and below, from inside and outside. It goes around and into its objects. Thus to the three dimensions of the Renaissance which have held good as constituent facts throughout so many centuries, there is added a fourth one time: In stage design, the stage itself can become a medium for the exploration and the experimentation of different concepts in vision and space conception. The stage is the manifestation of the relationship between performers and audience. In her book, Theatres, Gaelle Breton makes reference to ancient theatres. She says that the Greek theatres of antiquity sought to create a unity between the stage and audience areas and combined them under an open air space. This principle she states becomes the model for Elizabethan theatres which she identifies with the Shakespeare Globe Theatre. Breton states that during the Renaissance, theatre design undergoes an increasing separation from the outside world, and within creates an ever increasing divide between stage and spectator who sit in a fix position for an optimum static perspective. This resembles the painting of the time. The way theatres were designed during the Renaissance was challenged by Richard Wagner. Together with architect Otto Brukwald, they collaborated to design theatre which sought a reversal in the separation of and stage. The theatre of the Renaissance was concerned with the audience with the perspective of the audience. No balconies and a darkened auditorium focused the audiences attention to the stage. Theatre no longer sought to create the illusion of reality but sought to express the essence of a play. Breton also claims that the necessity for creating the illusion of reality became less relevant with the advent of cinema and the innovation of cubism which shattered the traditional perception space and style of spatial representation Antonin Artaud (1862-1928) was a famous stage director and the author of Theatre and its Double. He describes the architectural space that he seeks for his productions as a single, universal locale without any partitions of any kind His proposal was to abandon the architecture of his time and set about producing production that could be held in a barn or a hanger for performance. The notion of flexible space such as this can also be seen in the architecture of Ludwig Mies van der Rohe around this time. The concept is for a performance space as a total space which can be redesigned and reorganized for different productions. The sculptor and painter Oscar Schlemmer, conducts experiments for stage space at the Bauhaus. Roselee Goldberg state that the work at the Bauhaus was to achieve a synthesis of art and technology in pure form The studies conducted included the problems of performance space such as the opposition of visual place and spatial depth Schlemmers experiments demonstrated a new conception of space on stage. In the 1920s, the discussion of space centred on the notion of felt volume Schlemmer explained that out of the plane geometry, out of the pursuit of the straight line, the diagonal, the circle and the curve, a stereometry of space evolves, by the moving vertical line of the dancing figure. The relationship of the geometry of the plane to the stereometry of the space could be felt if one were to imagine a space filled with a soft pliable substance in which the figures of the sequence of the dancers movements were to harden as a negative form Up until the twentieth century, the criteria for stage design was a framed view and theatres based on the relation of the proscenium. In the early twentieth century, revolutionary stage designers such as Edward Gordon Craig challenged this two dimensional approach to stage design with three dimensional concepts and experiments. For his first production, Craig had to design his own stage as the only available space was the Hampstead Conservatoire. This concert hall was 44ft wide with a series of stepped platforms at one end to house the orchestra. The comprises made by Craig became a characteristic of his work. The ceiling height was level throughout and Craig incorporated Herkomers technique of over head lighting and sky effects. A low proscenium was constructed to facilitate frames and a bridge above the stage for the lighting man. To facilitate a cast and chorus of 75, the full width of the stage was utilized. This created a strikingly panoramic effect. In later production in Coronet and Great Queen Street theatres, Craig lowered the proscenium by as much as 12ft to create the impression of great width. He also found that creating stepped platforms allowed for three dimensional groupings and movement. Craig wanted the spectators to have the same perspective of the plays so no side galleries, or boxes were used, instead a single level seating was used. Another characteristic of Craigs productions which challenged the viewers imagination were, although the sets were openly theatrical, with everything from imitation vine leaves to crude papier-mà ¢chà © boars head, on the other hand there was a deliberate avoidance of realistic detail and simple effects of colour were used, leaving the imagination free and achieving a suggestiveness that one viewer had commented reminded him of the delicate friezes of Pompeii. For these surfaces, Craig explains they stand on the stage just as they are, they do not imitate nature, nor are they painted with realistic or decorative designs Craig studied the theatrical work as it was in ancient Greece, Rome, from the Renaissance to the Elizabethan. He noted that Once upon a time, stage scenery was architecture. A little later it became imitation architecture, still later it became imitation artificial architecture. The two elements which became central to Craigs concept of a new theater were lighting and movement. The two elements which became central to Craigs concept of a new theater were lighting and movement. The great days of painted scenery belonged to the era of dim lighting from gas-few footlights or candles, which flattened the performer so that he an the picture became one. The day the first spotlight was on the side of the proscenium, everything changed. The actor now stood out, was substantial, and a contradiction suddenly appeared between roundness and the two dimensional trompe loeil behind his back. The great innovators in the art of scenic design, Adolphe Appia and Gordon Craig, knew this before the First World War. Peter Brook, Threads of Time, Methuen Publishing Limited, London, 1999, p.48 In 1923, Fredrick Kiesler presented his concept for the Endless Theatre. The theme of this space was the structure did not have any frame, but could still maintain its form. In the 1920s architecture had a strong tendency to interpret space from a functional point of view. Buildings where traditionally of a rectangular shape, however there were no corners in Kieslers endless concept. This implies a meaning of time and space simultaneously which one can interpret as without and en, or in another sense an eternity of time. While this theatre expressed Kieslers concept of space, it was in 1958 when he presented the Endless house that his concept had manifested itself into a space that responded to human sensibilities as well as a functional space acting as a home. An installation architecture piece by Bernard Tschumi called the Glass Video Gallery was constructed in the Netherlands. It is a glass structure which contains 6 banks of video monitors. The projects intention was to challenge our preconceived ideas on the act of viewing. The monitors act as an unstable faà §ade, unlimited space is suggested through mirror reflections. The reflective surfaces which can be interpreted as a modern day equivalent to Edward Gordon Craigs walls. The immateriality presents an ambiguous surface. The architect presented a challenge to the permanence of buildings. The multiplying layers act to dissolve the surface of the glass. Lighting at night acts to transform the space. For Tschumià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The endless reflections of the video screens over the vertical and horizontal glass surfaces reverse all expectations of what is architecture and what is event, of what is wall and what is electronic image, of what defines and what activates. Tschumi also claims that his glass box challenges the ideas of television viewing and about privacy. The transparency of the glass walls acts as an opposition to an enclosed private space it also acts as an extension to the street. Within the structure, a person watches and is watched at the same time.

Beyond Good and Evil: Nietzsches Philosophy on Good and Evil Essay exa

Friedrich Nietzsche was a philosopher in the 1800’s. His work has since influenced, impacted, and brought forth new questions for many philosophers to follow. One of Nietzsche’s famous writings Beyond Good and Evil expresses his views on society and the two different classes it holds, slave and master. He expresses his belief that the two are in warfare with one another, the strong (master) fighting for the will to power, while the weak (slave) tries to pull the master down to their level using clandestine forms of revenge. Nietzsche believed the slave morality was one that included humility, obedience, and submission, and was the destructive choice and attribute of Christianity, while the master morality was full of arrogance and pride and that power of man himself is what needs to be attained. Nietzsche sought to prove that the master morality was the only true way to success in life and this was to come at any cost, even the cost of another weaker individual. Nietzsc he’s theories do not hold true against the ultimate truth of the Bible, where in which all has been tried and proven true, time and time again. Master Morality To Nietzsche the master morality was the attribute of the ultimate race, a race not of color or ethnicity, but one that fought for power. The masters were those who by force and power sought after what was good, which included anything that would be helpful. Not concerning them selves with society as a whole, only with rising to power and the responsibility of self. The masters he believed were to dominate the slaves and the slaves should just willingly submit. The master morality was often attributed with qualities such as power, nobility, and independence, placing them beyond good and evil. Striving t... ...God came to give us life but that the enemy comes to kill steal and destroy, so it appears in Nietzsche’s case the enemy won. God made His choices clear and told us what choice to make in Deuteronomy 30:19 where He says chose Him, choose life! Choosing life is choosing God’s way, and His way includes nothing of the master morality Nietzsche claimed so much passion about. I am however saddened about the choice Nietzsche made and angry about the deception of the devil, but I am happy about one thing, that is that I do not have to choose a master or slave morality, rather I choose God, who is the Author and perfector of my faith and we be the Ruler of me and my house for evermore. Work Cited The New Oxford Annotated Bible: With the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, New Revised Standard Version. Michael D. Coogan, editor. New York: Oxford UP, 2001. Print.

Bank of Canada Monetary Policy

On the contrary to the policies of the United States, material about Canada’s monetary policy was easily accessible on the Bank of Canada website, straight-forward and easy to understand. It’s clear that their target audience is the average Canadian citizen. They didn’t give the ‘run-around’ so- to- speak, of what their main objectives are, and much of it was watered down so that anyone could comprehend it. The Bank focuses on keeping inflation low, stable and predictable in order to encourage long-term investments for citizens to contribute to lasting economic growth, the creation of jobs and increased productivity – which will ultimately improve standard of living. This strategy is encompassed by the inflation control target that was adopted by the Bank of Canada in 1991, which sets a control range of 1-3 percent, ideally with a 2 percent midpoint. And, looking at historical statistics since its inception, the Bank has been able to maintain this control effectively. For example, inflation rate for 1Q 2013 was 1. 3%. According to the Bank, this monetary policy is implemented by influencing short-term interest rates which is done by raising or lowering the target for the overnight rate. In the end, a reduction in the policy rate, or easing of monetary policy, can be expected to boost total demand for Canadian goods and services, and vice versa. In addition to this, another goal for the Bank is maintaining flexible exchange rates – which they consider best suited for achieving their inflation target. The floating Canadian dollar provides an exchange rate buffer which allows the economy to absorb and adjust to economic shocks it may encounter. Though additional factors like exchange rates and unemployment seem to be important to policy makers, they are not focused on as intently as inflation and little information is available in regard to them. Their thinking is that monetary policy cannot have a systematic and sustained effect on any other variable, thus making it senseless to adopt any other long-term targets. It seems apparent that the Canadian policy strives to remain â€Å"forward looking† in a sense. The Bank places much of its emphasis on long-lasting shocks to the economy, rather than those believed to be short lived. By attempting to keep inflation close to their target, they consider themselves better able to respond to changes in the economic environment in such a way to avoid situations of excess demand or upply. Thus, pressures of inflation rising or falling are kept to a minimum. There’s much argument surrounding whether or not Canada’s policy is really that good or if they have just been lucky over the years. Volatility has increased in the Canadian economy over the years, however, they believe that their â€Å"exceptional† economic performance was the result of an even greater imp rovement in monetary policy and the policy offset the volatile environment, resulting in greater macroeconomic performance. It’s especially important to the Bank to remain credible to the Canadian people by being open and clear about their policy choices. They feel that this credibility keeps expectations to preserve future inflation close to the target and this â€Å"anchors† them to ensure that it happens. Even though Canada’s approach to communicating its monetary policy is much different than that of the United States, one could argue that they may be ‘putting blinders’ on their citizens, to avoid poor performance in other areas. Is their layman, tunnel vision approach regarding inflation control diverting the public from questioning whether or not it the best framework to utilize to drive the economy in a positive direction? The Canadian economy is still struggling to recover from the Great Recession and is trying to find ways in order to avoid the zero lower bound issue, but they put little importance communicating on how they are going to do so with the public.